Mlb monopoly market structure Essay Example for Free

Mlb monopoly market structure Essay Major League Baseball (â€Å"MLB†) is the only American Industry that is a self-regulating monopoly exempt from anti-trust law. In 1922, there was the U. S. Supreme Court Case of Federal Baseball Club v. National League and the judge unanimously decided that the Sherman Antitrust Act was not applicable to MLB and could therefore regulate as a monopoly. Furthermore, this decision was later reaffirmed in 1952 and 1972 in two different U. S. Supreme Court cases. This antitrust exemption has given increased monopolistic power to the MLB organization. MLB Monopolistic Characteristics Monopoly is defined as â€Å"A market structure in which there is only a single seller of a good, service, or resource. In antitrust law, a dominant firm that accounts for a very high percentage of total sales within a particular market. † The following characteristics that label the MLB as a Monopoly are the following: (a) one unique firm/product (i. e. , no other industry like the MLB and it’s impossible to duplicate); (b) absence of competition (i. e. , granted from anti-trust laws); (c) profit maximization (i. e. , attendance increasing even as prices increasing); (d). â€Å"Price Makers† (i. e. , control price and possible price discrimination); and (e) impenetrable barriers of entry into market (i. e. , highly unlikely to enter into industry). MLB Controlling Powers Major League Baseball and specifically their team owners can raise ticket and concession prices whenever they want to increase profits. For example, less desirable stadium seats are much lower in price than â€Å"good† seats. The MLB also sets prices based on team location. For example, I know first-hand that prices for the New York Yankees are much higher than those for the Chicago White Sox. In addition to controlling prices, MLB also controls output. They set the season schedule at 162 games with half of those being home games. Since there are limited amounts of homes games owners know that they can keep increasing prices for tickets and concession stands. Conclusion Major League Baseball’s ability to control prices, set extreme difficulty on barriers of entry and to eliminate competition definitely identifies them as a Monopoly market structure. Furthermore their use of pricing strategies, which include setting ticket prices according to the view of the field, discount group pricing for lower attended weekday games and games against lesser teams, discounts for seniors/students/military, increased prices for suites and luxury boxes, and parking priced depending on location to stadium (i. e. , closer parking to stadium is more expensive). However, even with all of these increasing prices and price controls the MLB continues to set attendance records each and every year. I personally love Major League Baseball and I’m willing to pay any prices when I want to go to the ballpark and watch a game. Bibliography/References Haupert, Michael, edit by Robert Whaples. (2007, December 3). The Economic History of Major League Baseball. Retrieved September 26,2011, from EH. Net Encyclopedia Web site: http://eh. net/encyclopedia/article/haupert. mlb McConnell, Campbell R. Economics, 19th Edition. McGraw-Hill Learning Solutions, 2012. p. G-18.

Prose Commentary, Pat Barker Essay Example for Free

Prose Commentary, Pat Barker Essay The title of the book from which this excerpt is taken, Regeneration, highlights what I see as the main theme in this thought provoking prose piece. This piece of prose raises images for me of the moist dampness, humid soil, death and the prospect of life arising from the continuation of the cycle of life and death. These Images are shown in phrases such as the final sentence, which says, Now they could dissolve into the earth as they were meant to. This sentence is the one which stuck out most to me in the whole excerpt; I found it very powerful in that it brings out the theme of regeneration to the reader and it is a sentence which sticks in your mind. I can see this as an overall whole picture, where Burns, who I view as a returning soldier, perhaps from the Gulf War given the date, experiences, and successfully faces one of his terrible fears, picked up from the war, of bloody, dead corpses, and through this finds the prospect of soul peace before him. I also see that nature and the cycle of life as a big theme in this excerpt as it shows up in nearly every line. Words such as, rain, mud, trees and wind support this. The narrative structure of this excerpt is also important, because it is as if the story of Burns is being told by someone else and so it is likely not subject to the bias of the actual persons account. In the first three paragraphs, rain and the wetness of the land is a large part of describing, setting the scene and the tone of the rest of the excerpt. The author creates a feeling about Burns, that he is somewhat stranded, for the writing states, He didnt know what to do and so long since hed been anywhere alone. As well as creating a lost feeling this sentence confirms the thoughts, though not directly, that Burns is a returning soldier. The use of the words, Raindrops dripped with the repeated d sound, creates the patter of large raindrops. Persistent and monotonous link up with each other to remind the reader of the continuity of the wetness. When Burns reaches a fence, he sees that, A tuft of grey wool had caught on one of the barbs. Perhaps an animal had once quite recently struggled to free itself from this discontinuity in nature as Burns does when he too gets caught on a barb just like an animal. The repetition of the b sound in Burns blinked, carries on the theme of the persistence of the rain. Throughout the whole of the third paragraph there is another repetition of the b sound, this time though it is used to bring out the sound of the thud and plodding of Burns in his mud encumbered boots. There is also a repetition of the s sound in words such as slipping and stumbling for exactly that, to create the sound of someone slipping in the wet mud. The writer also uses words such as cold, khaki and tight cloth to create a chilling stiff sound to make the reader feel the cold that Burns is experiencing. In the next two paragraphs, the author makes the wind and its severity, an impacting factor on Burns' progress toward the safety that he seeks. The wetness of the setting which surrounds Burns is also again a major influence in his quest. The tone of these two paragraphs is much more severe than the first three. The author says that the wind tries to scrape Burns off its side. suggesting that the situation has become more intense. That line is very effective literally because the word scrape is an onomatopoeic word and when joined together with side it creates an alliterating s sound. The fact that he has to keep his head bent and the Rain beat onto his head both confirm the increased severity of the weather. When the weather is so bad that the distance vanishes in a veil of rain, the alliterating v sound bringing out the hum of the constant rain, Burns' survival instinct kicks in and he decides to take shelter, running clumsily toward a clump of trees. But again he is slowed to a walk because of the dragging mud. The words mud dragged are effective here, for even to say them together takes effort and your reading is slowed by them, amplifying their effect. The sucking of your reading is again shown in the words mud-clogged boots, the d, g and b sounds all together make the reader have to pronounce each syllable in a drawn out way. Where the author talks about, the whine of shells he is referring to the sound that you hear when you put a shell to your ear and compares it to the noise of the wind through the trees. In paragraph five the author shows the exhausted Burns so tired he cannot even be bothered to wipe away the rain drenching his face. In the next three paragraphs, the tone of the extract becomes quieter; there is neither mention of the intense rain nor the sound of it. The tone of the setting becomes almost sinister amongst the trees. Burns now in what he thinks is the safety of the trees continues to stumble and the writer again uses the repeated b sounds in the words, began, stumbling, blindly and between to show us that Burns has still not quite got his bearings right yet. The author uses the repeated c sounds in the words catching, clumps and bracken to the same effect. Because he is stumbling blindly, something brushed Burns' cheek and when he tried to push it away, his hand touched what he first thought to be slime. On turning to see what it was, Burns discovered that there was a dead mole, suspended, apparently, in air. The use of commas in those few words are effective because they make the reader pause and thus put emphasis on a very important part of the extract, it begins the change in plot of the whole extract. Its small pink hands folded on its chest. suggests the authors feeling that the mole was innocent, but was still killed. The author provokingly compares the dead animals Burns sees to a fruit tree bearing, what the author makes you think are heavy fruit by using the word laden. Heavy fruit because they are generally more likely to smell of decay, which is what the dead animals are, decaying. The author quite interestingly uses animals from each part of the earth; the magpies from the sky; the fox from the ground and the moles from under the ground, this I see as a continuation of the regeneration theme carried on throughout the whole excerpt. I think that the fox scared Burns so much because it reminded of something that he saw in the war. Again in paragraph eight the trees are against Burns. The author uses the alliteration of the words twigs tore through the t sound to remind the reader of the snapping sound of twigs and the force that Burns was putting into getting away was enough to snap the twigs on his skin. It brings out how frightened he really was. The writers reference to dead leaves also fits in with the theme of Regeneration for dead leaves must dissolve into the earth to create nutrients for the trees from which they fell and thus continue the circle of life. In the short paragraph nine, the setting changes briefly once more because Burns goes out into the field once more. He splashes effectively through the alliterated flooded furrows, the f making the sound of the swishing water. Burns then hears a voice, probably the voice of a fellow soldier from the war. It is said to be the voice of a person named Rivers. I did find it quite ironic that the author of the book from which this excerpt is taken, would use the name Rivers for the voice which Burns hears because in Scotland a small river is called a burn. This brings out to me that the author is making the aspect of water very important to this particular scenario. I feel that the use of water here is important to the overall theme of regeneration because water is a key part in the cycle of life, it is the source of all life and so I think that this is why the author emphasises this point. The voice that Burns hears tells him that, If you run now, youll never stop. basically telling him to face his fear. This may be because perhaps Burns ran away from something before and did not face his fear. The last two paragraphs of the excerpt talk of Burns facing his fear, finding a peace amongst his dead companions and his finding a control which he did not have at the beginning of the excerpt. Burns turns back therefore facing his fears. The fact that the author talks about what the real Rivers might have said confirms that Rivers is a real person and he is probably still alive. When Burns lets down the dead animals he is allowing for the natural cycle of Regeneration to be complete. This seems to make him feel better for he sits down inside the circle of his companions who he no longer views as scary and is happy because, Now they could dissolve into the earth as they were meant to do. By facing his fear, Burns was regenerated in himself, this also made him content. The last line is the most important in the whole text; it sums up and puts into context the entire idea of Regeneration. In conclusion I would say that there is one main theme in this excerpt; it being the ongoing recurrence of the idea of Regeneration through the means of nature, water, the cycle of life and death and the facing of fear. It is also important to say that in order for regeneration to happen, something has to die.

Communicating with Customers

Communicating with Customers COMMUNICATING WITH CUSTOMERS PO 3 Customer Service Message Photograph of an organisation/business exterior. Negative:   The front of this shop is not very inviting because the windows dont have much clothing/products in them, it does not tell the customer what they are selling.  Ã‚   In fact, you cant really tell whats being sold. The entrance is very dark. The upper story window is messy and disorganised. Recommendations I would recommend putting more lighting on the outside, at the entrance, plus more lighting on the windows, so the customer can see exactly what is for sale. Put mannequins on the bottom and top windows, showing the customer what clothing is on sale inside, and some of the other products they sell, e.g. curtains and childrens clothing. http://guineys.ie/ Customer Service Message Photograph of an organisation/business exterior Positive:   This photograph shows the Woodstock Hotel which is a beautiful hotel close to the centre of Ennis and yet has a country feel to it.  Ã‚   The entrance is warm and inviting, with lovely lighting and stained glass.   The cut stone gives this hotel character.   The entrance also caters for the disabled with wheelchair access.There are large flower pots that have evergreen shrubs planted, which breaks up the grey of the stone. http://www.hotelwoodstock.ie/ Customer Service Message A screen shot of an organisations website. Positive:   Guineys have a very good website, showing all the departments that you can browse through.   It shows you whats best value at the moment and weekly deals that are in store at present.   It tells you that they accept the One4all vouchers from An post.  Ã‚   The customer can phone in their order between certain times.   The customer can sign up for their newsletter and its all private.   This site is very user friendly. http://guineys.ie/ Customer Service Message A Screen shot of an organisations website Negative: I was looking to purchase a glass house in Ireland and came across this website. I felt frustrated trying to navigate around it as I could not find anything close to what I wanted, in fact they said they had certain sizes of glass houses but they were impossible to find on this page, which to me is false advertising. It also said there was a price list but there wasnt one.   There were very few pages of information compared to what the page said.   I rang the number on the page several times for help, but nobody answered. Recommendation:I would recommend they hire a web designer, it doesnt cost a lot, but it would bring in money to the company.   The company should then keep the website updated on a regular basis.   I would recommend then that the company hire a person to answer the phone at all times, again this would obviously make money for them, because I as a customer gave up wanting to buy anything because I couldnt speak to anyone in this company. http://www.polydome.ie/glasshouses_search.php?maincatid=3 Customer Service Message Printed Material from and Organisation (flyer, leaflet, brochure) Positive: The Irish Cancer Society is a wonderful organisation, who do a lot of work for people and their families suffering from cancer. Daffidol Day is held every year in March, this year its the 24the March, and the money raised goes to the County you are collecting in.   You can donate at any time online. This charitable organisation uses the money also for patients travel to and from hospital. Counselling services for patients and families. Information and services on Pallative care and end of life care. There is a freephone number, for people to contact a nurse for confidential advice and information. See Appendix A at the back https://www.cancer.ie/?gclid=CMKB1ua97NICFa-97QodHIUEcw https://www.cancer.ie/support/coping-with-cancer/palliative-care#sthash.xYq8CER1.dpbs Printed material from an Organisation Negative:   When you look at this flyer it doesnt jump out at me, to tell me what its exactly about, in fact there is very little information on it about the food/meals its serving.   The background is a dark colour and takes away from the writing underneath. Recommendations:   I would recommend that they would include visuals of what food they serve.   They should change the background colour, something brighter and the print then would contrast better against it.   The font actually should all be in bold. See Appendix B Customer Service Message News Report/Clipping regarding employment conditions, corporate ethics, environmental ethics, sponsorship, etc. Positive:   Aldi have a great initiative in tackling food waste, by distributing left over food from the shops, to families who are in need and charitable organisations like St. Vincents de Paul who look after poor people, for example those living on the streets and in shelter in the cities. https://www.aldi.ie/love-ireland Customer Service Message News report/clipping regarding employment conditions, corporate ethics, environmental ethics, sponsorship, etc. Negative:   Tesco are in an ongoing battle with about 3,000 of their employees over their pre-1996 contracts for work.   Tesco wants these employees to take lower rates of pay and conditions, just like their new employees.   During the strike periods Tesco stores all over Ireland have lost millions of euros, because customers did not want to pass the picket line.   At the moment a mediator has been appointed to try to come to some agreement with both parties over this row. Recommendations:   I would recommend Tesco come up with a fair package for all their employeesas they work hard and have long hours of work.   This country is doing well again and these companies are making plenty of money, so why not give a fair package like Lidl and Aldi who have set a precedent here. See Appendix C at the back.

History Of Kosovo Essay -- essays research papers

The Balance of Power Theory and It’s Application to Kosovo   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ideas are the corner-stones of International Relations and Diplomacy. These ideas are often titled theories, a term that grants the ideas a certain degree of credibility in application, though they remain theories; they cannot be proved., only applied intelligently in hopes of arriving at the correct conclusion. One theory concerning the Balance of Power (BOP) falls under the Neo-Realist analysis of conflict within the International system. This Essay will attempt to apply this theory, somewhat retroactively to the situation in Bosnia and more specifically, to that in Kosovo. Retroactively, because the essay will principally examine how these theories can be applied to the history of the Kosovo conflict, dating to the present. Secondly, it will undertake to detail the current situation in that region in these same terms, providing an accurate description of the status quo. Finally, the Balance of Power Theory will be employed in a prospective manner, to offer a so lution to the situation in terms of actually creating a balance of power within the country of Bosnia.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Outline: I. Definitions of Terms for the Purpose of this Essay   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A. Neo Realism   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  B. Balance of Power Theory (BOP)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  C. Power Transition (PT) II. Retroactive Application of Theory   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A. History of Kosovo Situation   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  B. How BOP/PT Theory Explains Kosovo Conflict III. Immediate Application of Theory   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A. How Status Quo is Represented by BOP Theory IV. Prospective Application of Theory   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A. What Actual Balance of Power may lead to Peace in the Region V. Conclusion I. A. Neo-Realism   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Neo-Realism is one of the schools of thought in International Relations theory. It is a sub-school of Realism, which originated in the aftermath of World War II. Realists tended to blame the Second World War on Liberals and their failure to deter the fascist powers that initiated that war. Some of their specific criticisms include these principles:   Ã‚  &n... ... sees the concurrence of Serbian longing for Kosovo, and their longtime friend Israel’s feeling for their Holy land.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Balance of Power theory, however, does not allow for emotional rationalization when discussing war and politics. The final peace will depend on the power held by each party as the war ends. Serbia had, in 1995 presented a plan for peace in a magazine which passed unnoticed by the rest of the world. In it, they proposed to have a buffer zone free of ethnic Albanians. The buffer zone would lie between Albania and Kosovo-Metohia, which would effectively end the mutual ethnic cleansing, and act as a sort of containment solution. The implementation of this plan however is far from realization, since the war continues to rage. V. Conclusion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The situation in Kosovo, is a long and exciting study of the Theories on Balance of Power, and its role in peace keeping. Unfortunately, the theory has been more of a method for analyzing the patterns of war in the region. It will take some measure of inequality to end this war. It is currently too much an equality of military forces for either side to emerge victorious.

Family at the Bedside Essay -- Health, Spirituality and Holistic Care

Discussion of family presence during invasive procedures has been ongoing for many years. Some healthcare organizations have instituted policies to allow family members to be present during invasive procedures, which they would previously forbid during these procedures. Attitudes of healthcare provider’s differ drastically. (MacLean et al., 2003) This paper will illustrate the important benefits of having a family member present during these procedures. Terms used in this search includes: Pro family at bedside, Importance of family at bedside invasive procedure, Family centered car in the operating room and position statement on Family presence. The following articles were deemed appropriate for this paper. 1. Baumhover N, Hughes L. Spirituality and support for family presence during invasive procedures and resuscitations in adults. American Journal of Critical Care July 2009; 18(4):357-367 Several health organizations have made recommendations and written guidelines to include family presence at the bedside during invasive procedures. A quantitative study was done of health care professionals exploring their thoughts and attitudes to family presence during invasive procedures. This article explores the importance of Spirituality and holistic care. The design for this study was exploratory, descriptive, and correlation. The setting was a 210-bed not-for-profit Christian-based hospital located in the Southwestern United States. Data was collected from the individuals in this study and analyzed. The study found that 58% of nurses Compared with 34% of physicians and physician assistants strongly agreed that family presence during invasive procedures is a patient’s right. This study ... ...eterization, 84%; sedation and analgesia, 81%; bladder catheterization, 80%; sutures, 79%; lumbar puncture, 66%; and cardiopulmonary resuscitation maneuvers, 44%. The families’ reasons for being present included calming the child, suffering less anxiety, and watching over the procedure. Eighty percent thought that the family’s presence could be beneficial. 10. American Heart Association. 2005 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care. Circulation 2005; 112:Supp IV-1-IV-211.Retrieved December,7,2010.From: http://circ.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/full/112/24_suppl/IV-6 The American Heart association support having family members present during invasive procedures. They have out clear and concise directions on establishing a family member presence at the bedside that any hospital can adapt.

Great Expectations: A thematic analysis :: Great Expectations Essays

Great Expectations: A thematic analysis As the reader begins the book, Dickens instills in the reader a bond with Pip as it is through his eyes in a first person narrative. Dickens’ use of Pip as the narrator is very significant to the telling of the story. We are able to see the progression of Pip as he grows up and his views on the characters in the book. We form an idea about someone from their outward appearance, so having Pip as a narrator it creates a one-sided view about a character because we only see the world from Pip’s eyes and we feel most strongly what Pip is feeling and we feel, about other character what Pip feels about them. Dickens creates sympathy by telling the reader that Pip has never seen his mother & father, instead he sits on their graves trying to find clues that reflect their appearance and personality. Pip at this point is trying to emphasize that his father is superior to his mother, as the antithesis is shown with Joe and his sister. Dickens also tries to make the reader feel sympathy by referring to Pip’s name. On one level his name shows how isolated Pip is, this empathize that Pip created his own nickname. However on a symbolic level his name ‘Pip’ represents the start of life, a seed, as it grows toward its fate. Dickens is trying to emphasize to the reader the solitude of Pip, by using extended sentence structure to increase the tension and prolong the suffering. He also restates that Pip is all alone by using repetition on the word ‘dead’, implicating the loss of 5 of Pip’s siblings, as they died before they were born. The prolonged sentence structure also leads to an ominous word ‘savage lair’. This pathetic fallacy foreshadows the encounter which will make Pip’s life a lot worse. When Magwitch is first introduced, a sad and lonely atmosphere is already established. The fearful connotations in the atmosphere ‘place overgrown with nettles’, the isolated graveyard ‘dark flat wilderness’ and the symbolic place of death ‘the marsh country’ makes Magwitch appearance even more memorable. Magwitch’s social status becomes apparent when Dickens describes his handling of Pip. He addresses Pip in a very rough manner, shaking him and using harsh words. â€Å"Keep still you little devil or I’ll cut your throat!† .This portrayal of Magwitch emphasizes the fact that he is of a lower social class and this ties in with a stereotypical view that someone in the lower half of the social divide will be more likely to commit a crime. This reflects the

Medicine and Mental Illness

K272 TMA01 Consider the usefulness of a holistic model in explaining the experience of mental health. A holistic approach to mental illness means that the user’s physical, mental and spiritual health along with the user s state of mind, lifestyle and social factors will all be taken into consideration when analysing them. Holism refers to treating the whole person. This means that holism feels disease doesn’t just affect the body, but also the mind and spirit as well. It’s said that the five dimensions are all inter related and so if one is c hanged then the other dimensions will all be impacted in some way or another. In a sense I feel that holism is practical as it explores several avenues in order to treat mental illness rather than the bio-medical approach which uses only one. The World Health Organisation (1946), define health in the following way ‘a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity’. This definition of health supports both the medical and social models. In suggesting that wellbeing is the key to health the definition embraces the idea that in the treatment of illness all factors, social, mental and physical must be taken into account. If this definition is what professional’s base their treatment of mental health upon, then it could be seen that the medical and holistic models are intertwined and should in fact work in harmony. Yet one model holds dominance over the other. It is the medical model which is predominantly used in the treatment of mental health (Bentall, 2003) The Biomedical Model The bio medical model evolved as a response to diseases in the 19th century. German psychiatrists then used this model, based on their beliefs and not hard evidence, to categorize the symptoms of mental distress into distinct conditions, one of which was Schizophrenia (Bentall, 2003). The model suggests that mental health is an illness, characterised by specific symptoms that have a pathological base. This came about because research supported the notion that mental ill health was due to chemical imbalances, body dysfunction or injury (McCullough et al, 2005, Pritchard, 2006). However there is another suggestion that mental health is a hypothetical construct† (Boyle, 2002: 14). The fundamental focus of this model is that the individual is the source of their mental illness. Therefore the person can be treated and as with most illness the medical model will look at medication as the way forward (Beresford, 2005). Within this model the body is seen as a device rather than a person and as an appliance its functions will often need repair (Giddens, 2006). This thought process is damaging, it can encourage a poor relationship. When the ‘person’ becomes lost and is seen as a list of symptoms, they become stigmatised and labelled. This labelling can cause further mental distress and so more ‘symptoms’ may be seen (Thompson, 2006). The medical model sees mental illness as a brain malfunction, an imbalance, a set of symptoms, to restore mental health the medical experts will endeavour to adjust the imbalances with a variety of drugs. The use of drugs often does give a quick fix to some symptoms; however the use often creates a dependence, which may last until death (Harris et al, 2007). This dependence on drugs will give further credence to the medical model. Many researchers point out that this reliance on medication causes further mental distress, as the side effects can be many and enduring, adding further problems to those with a diagnosis of mental illness(Wallcraft, 2005,Usher et al, 2006). The Holistic Model As we know the holistic model is not the most popular model, it is however very important as it represents a way of thinking and understanding mental distress and gives a positive approach to working with and supporting people experiencing mental illness. Each person’s experience of mental illness is unique. Seedhouse (2000, pp 59-60) suggests that holism makes two main claims: that the whole cannot be fully understood separately and that they separate parts cannot be understood apart from the whole. Holism has many available methods including counselling, and congestive behaviour therapy. Although all of these aspects work together each promotes its own therapeutic power, which doesn’t really take a holistic perspective as it claims to. This can be very confusing and distressing for a user who has only ever encountered the biomedical model. A good example of this is (Taussig, 2002, p10) â€Å"the recovery from breakdowns has always been slow and painful, and each one has brought a different treatment ranging from C. B. T therapy to psychoanalysis. On each occasion when I called on the providers to help me out of the dark, each stood proudly alone protesting their own therapeutic power and efficacy†. Holism allows users to see how the body and mind are connected by letting them reflect. Reflection matters because it is continuous with practise. How you think about what you are doing affects how you do it, or whether you do it at all. It may direct your research or your whole attitude to people who do things differently, or indeed your whole life. (Blackburn 1999) However holistic approaches can bring the mind-body divide to the forefront as its been proven that reflecting on emotions can bring on physical distress such as raised heartbeat, headaches, and pains. Bringing supressed thoughts to the surface can also cause people to become dependent on such things as alcohol and drugs which need some biomedical intervention. Mind-body relations are always mutual and bidirectional-the body affects the mind and is affected by it. mind and body are so integrally related that, in practise], it makes little sense to refer to therapies as solely â€Å"mental† or† physical†, rather mind-body could perhaps be best regarded as an overall process that is not easily dissected into separate and distinct components or parts. (Seedhouse 2002, p55). . Whilst there are arguably opposing principles within the medical and holistic model it can be suggested that the diversity can be productive. There are aspects of both models that may help with the diagnoses of mental illness. The bio medical model through research will continue to strive for a specific, pathological base. Medicine aims to prevent mortality, with a high incidence of morbidity within the group of people diagnosed with mental illness, on-going research is a must (Muir-Cochrane 2006). The holistic model will strive to ensure, that the person with mental distress will have an individual programme tailored to their needs and therefore a selection of treatments may be the answer. The Hippocratic Oath which is fundamental in medicine suggests that interventions delivered from the medical profession of which psychiatry belongs ‘do no harm’ Sokol (2008). If the so called experts used the model to treat service users with a diagnoses mental illness in a way that caused no harm they would strive to ensure that when assessment was undertaken all aspects of the medical and holistic models of mental distress would be taken into account. The complex nature of mental illness would be identified and a more impartial framework of support could be supplied. It could look at solutions and ways of coping, rather than problems and illness. It would value the service user with mental distress, building a relationship and remembering that ‘mental illness’ it is not just an illness, a list of symptoms, there is a person present that needs to be respected. Perhaps the unification of these two models would enable the treatment for mental illness to be more people centred and unique. Service users could define what help was needed, and the balance of power would be with the expert. (Warren, 2007). References Beresford, P. (2005) Social Approaches to Madness and Distress: User Perspectives and User Knowledge, In J Tew (Ed), Social Perspectives in Mental Health: Developing Social Models to Understand and Work with Mental Distress, London: Jessica Kingsley. Bentall, R. P. (2003) Madness Explained: Psychosis and Human Nature, London: Penguin. Blackburn, (1999) Bowen, P. (2007) Blackstone’s Guide to the Mental Health Act 2007, Oxford: Oxford University Press. Boyle, M. (2002) Schizophrenia: A Scientific Delusion, London: Routledge. Giddens, (2006) Harris Et Al (2007) McCullogh Et Al (2005), Pritchard (2006) Muir-Cochrane (2006) Seedhouse (2000 P59-60) Seedhouse (2002 p55) Sokol (2008) Thompson (2006) Toussig (2002 p10) Usher Et Al (2006) Warren (2007) Word Count -1750 including references